Overland flow is a very important aspect of the water cycle and can be generated under two different physical mechanisms. The infiltration excess overland flow is formed (named also Hortonian overland flow after Horton E. R.), when the rainfall intensity exceeds the soil infiltration capacity in an area (Liu et al., 2004). Then water accumulates on the soil and starts moving downslope, due to gravity, towards the hydrographic network.

Mar 30, 2015 tree belt, of excess water generated as Hortonian flow from a pasture slope. Three rainfall events (48, 49 and 75 mm/h for 13, 30 and 30 min, 

See also Vigiak et al. (2006) Geomorph. 76, 1–2. Hortonian Overland Flow. The appearance of free water on the soil surface, called ponding, gives rise to runoff in the direction of the local slope (Figure 1). Rainfall can produce ponding by two mechanisms, as outlined in the infiltration section.

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These antagonistic effects imply that potential 95 energy of overland flow peaks at a distinct point in space along the hillslope. Hortonian Overland Flow, Hillslope Morphology and Stream Power I: Spatial Energy Distributions and Steady-state Power Maxima February 2021 DOI: 10.5194/hess-2021-79 8tracks radio. Online, everywhere. - listen to the first hortonian overland flow playlisthortonian overland flow including Angel Olsen, Best Coast, and Beyoncé music from your desktop or mobile device.

Indeed, the saturation excess overland flow concept is usually understood to include a rapid subsurface flow component (e.g., Dunne and Leopold 1978 pp. 256, 258). The writers have found that saturated areas in the Catskills headwater catchments are primarily controlled by shallow interflow, i.e., rapid subsurface lateral flows.

2. when the combination of precipitation intensity and duration (and run-on from higher areas) saturates the soil and raises the water table to the surface. This process is known as saturation overland flow. On the basis of field observations during storms, at least a portion of the monitored ‘Hortonian overland flow’ was actually occurring in this near‐surface ‘biomat’.

Nr nederbrdsintensiteten verstiger f (t) rinner nederbrden av p ytan med s kalla Hortonian overland flow. Nr detta sker p grund av frndringar av markfuktigheten 

Once rainfall intensity exceeds infiltration capacity, Hortonian flow occurs throughout the landscape. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND MODEL DEVELOPMENTAfter rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil, the Hortonian overland flow hydrographs can be divided into a rainfall excess phase and a recession-infiltration phase. The rainfall excess phase consists of a build-up phase and an equilibrium phase. Infiltration excess overland (Hortonian) flow was generated by 15 min of artificial precipitation at a rate of 4.2 mm min-1 which was roughly 2–3 times the saturated soil conductivity.

Job Openings at  In soil science, Horton overland flow describes the tendency of water to flow horizontally across land surfaces when rainfall has exceeded infiltration capacity and depression storage capacity. It is named after Robert E. Horton, the engineer who made the first detailed studies of the phenomenon. Paved surfaces such as asphalt, which are designed to be flat and impermeable, rapidly achieve Horton overland flow. Infiltration Excess Overland Flow, also known as Hortonian Flow, occurs when water enters a soil system faster then the soil can absorb or move it, such as when precipitation exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil. This process is very important in many areas of the country, including arid areas (where significant soil crusting and/or surface sealing occurs during rain events), in irrigated fields, in urban areas, and more generally during storms with very high rainfall intensities. The Hortonian model of Overland flow This occurs on slopes when rainwater fails to infiltrate into the soil, thus in doing so flows along the surface as a thin layer collecting soil. It is more pronounced in arid regions where soils are thin and without vegetation and the underlying rocks are usually impermeable.
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Erosion by Hortonian overland flow on unvegetated small plots underlain by fine sandy silts averaged 2.45 kg sediment loss and 3.5 mm surface lowering during summer and fall, 1971, and averaged 5.58 kg sediment loss and 5.2 mm surface lowering during summer and fall, 1972. Author: Schroers, Samuel et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published online: 2021-02-11; Open Access; Title: Hortonian overland flow, hillslope morphology and stream power I: Spatial energy distributions and steady-state power maxima 2021-04-08 · Other articles where Dunne overland flow is discussed: hydrosphere: Groundwaters and river runoff: Horton) and Dunne overland flow (named for British hydrologist Thomas Dunne). Hortonian overland flow closure relations in the Representative Elementary Watershed Framework evaluated with observations By E. Vannametee, D. Karssenberg, M. R. Hendriks and M. F. P. Bierkens No static citation data No static citation data Cite Saturation overland flow (also called Dunne overland flow) is generated if subsurface hydraulic characteristics are not transmissive and if slopes are gentle and convergent. Saturation overland flow can arise from direct precipitation on saturated land-surface areas or from return flow of subsurface water to the surface in the saturated areas (Dunne and Black, 1970). Effects of Spatial Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity on Hortonian Overland Flow.

Additionally, runoff coefficients were not significantly different among cover conditions during large storms; thus, the 'degraded' forest conditions appear not to greatly enhance peak flows or erosion potential at larger scales, especially when biomat flow is significant. To examine factors affecting Hortonian overland flow generation in forested hillslopes, we measured overland flow at plots in Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Japanese ceder (Cryptomeria japonica), and broadleaf forests of three study sites (Kochi, Mie, and Tokyo), which had different geology and climate.
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On the basis of field observations during storms, at least a portion of the monitored 'Hortonian overland flow' was actually occurring in this near-surface 'biomat'. Therefore our field measurements in both small and large plots potentially included biomat flow in addition to short-lived Hortonian runoff.

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Horton overland flow occurs when the rainfall intensity exceeds the  Sep 16, 2020 Channel/overland flow (Kinematic, Diffusive or Dynamic Wave and and roughness with either contributing area or Horton-Strahler order,  Over the course of 45 minutes, we look at: What's driving the need for the assessments The pre-development requirements (Flood Risk Assessment & drainage  Mar 23, 2017 In the 1920s, '30s and '40s, dancer/choreographer Lester Horton “Horton believed in getting the body warmed-up and blood flowing quickly,”  Horton Salm was a military officer of the Alliance to Restore the Republic and its successor, the New Republic. An accomplished pilot, leader, and training  Mar 11, 2012 Here is the original comparison reel. I created this as my first attempt to help aspiring animators understand the process to creating feature film  Turbine Flow Meters, Gas and Liquid Flow Meters, Subsea and Electronic Flow Meters. Mar 30, 2015 tree belt, of excess water generated as Hortonian flow from a pasture slope. Three rainfall events (48, 49 and 75 mm/h for 13, 30 and 30 min,  Uncertainty analysis, Sensitivity analysis, Roads, Overland flow, Flow patterns, TDR, According to Chung and Horton (1987), the apparent thermal conductivity. av förändringar av markfuktigheten benämns det delayed Hortonian overland flow.

Sep 25, 2007 Abstract There is a growing opinion that poorly managed plantation forests in Japan are contributing to increased storm runoff and erosion.

The longer the slope, the less runoff per unit area is measured at  or soil water intersects the soil surface. The first situation gives rise to infiltration- excess or Horton overland flow (HOF), while extremely wet conditions may result   Nov 6, 2017 Figure 3: The Hortonian (left) and Saturated (right) overland flow over the hill slope (Credit: The. COMET Program). Physical Hydrology, Surface  Nov 15, 2015 See more posts like this on Tumblr. #geography #hydrology #Physical Geography #overland flow #hortonian flow #surface runoff #comparison  Horton's studies of infiltration and overland sheet flow provided a basis for analyzing soil erosion and for devising strategies for soil conservation.

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